The effect of the London 2012 olympic games

As a major aspect of the London 2012 Olympic Games the Great British Government introduced a heritage that they trusted would help them to win the offer to have the games. This included what they trusted would become helpful long haul impacts socially and monetarily for Great Britain. One of the cases made the administration was: ‘Harnessing the United Kingdom's energy for game to build grass roots interest, especially by youngsters †and to urge the entire populace to be all the more truly dynamic'. Office for Culture, Media and Sport, 2010) Meaning that facilitating the games would change the country's mentality towards physical ctivity, adding to a cheerful increment in interest in sport. This examination investigates the connection between facilitating the Olympic Games and sports interest in the host nation, specifically around the host city of London. The examination centers around estimating the inheritance impacts a year after the games started. This examination is being made to increase a more noteworthy comprehension about how the 2012 Olympic games has influenced the country †London in particular.With this data we likewise might want to make the outcomes increasingly explicit and discover: how the Olympic inheritance has motivated individuals and how separation of residency from the Olympic arena sick influence their apparent view of the games lastly what monetary and social hindrances may hold up traffic of people turning out to be included post-Olympic Games. Strategies DESIGN Data age was completed from the Opening Ceremony (27th July 2012) to precisely one year after the Opening Ceremony (27th July 2013). The methodology taken was twofold, right off the bat a survey was conducted.The first strategy for this investigation utilizes a self-culmination poll to decide a connection between the London 2012 Olympic Games and the apparent effect on sports interest across England. This permits members to self-assess the effect of this occasi on, and along these lines gives an abstract assessment, yet at the same time shows a significant social marker. The poll incorporates close-finished inquiries for simpler consummation thus respondents don't tire, and along these lines a bigger reaction is more probable making the information more representative.The Likert scale will be utilized; respondent's perspectives will be gotten by requesting that they react to a progression of proclamations, as far as the degree to which they concur with them, where 1 was ‘Strongly Disagree' and 5 was ‘Strongly Agree'. The quantity of uestionnaire. Instances of positive articulations are: ‘grassroots investment would be supported. An as of now sports-distraught country would get fitter and more advantageous. ‘ (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2010). What's more, ‘These champions and potential bosses give a significant motivation forothers to ‘have a gd. McKay, 1991). Instances of negative explanat ions for use in the poll are: sports associations need to guarantee that advertising is touchy to buyer obstruction emerging from a consciousness of the fact that it is so hard to copy our donning saints and courageous women. ‘ (Hindson et al. 1994).And, ‘It's awful having an incredible Olympics in 2012 and moving numerous youngsters to take up sport in the event that we don't have the offices, training and foundation to get them included and keep them in sport. ‘ (Draper, 2003). Exploration directed by Hindson et al. (1994) presumed that the Olympics positively affected club enrollment. Then again, Edcoms (2007) found no unmistakable relationship between's facilitating the Olympic Games and game support as a drawn out effect, be that as it may, may prompt momentary increases. The second piece of the procedure included another poll. This piece of the examination included getting socio-segment data including age, sex and separation of residency from the Olympic Park , all of which could influence an inhabitants point of view of the event.Previous research has demonstrated that responses could be founded on these key components (Twynam and Johnston, 2004). Exploration has shown that in ethnic minorities, for example, East London, hindrances exist, for example, unreasonably expensive offices and inaccessible childcare, horror rates, dread for individual security and socially unseemly exercises are of essential significance and may impact readiness to articipate (Seefeldt et al. , 2002). The picked strategy to convey the polls was the ‘drop and gather' method.This includes the hand conveyance and assortment of the surveys, giving a savvy, dependable and quick technique to finish this exploration. Respondents can finish the survey at their own pace along these lines are bound to finish it. The procedure maintains a strategic distance from questioner inclination and command over the determination procedure.

Important of English Language free essay sample

Language assumes a significant job in human life. One attempts to procure, learn and use language as a methods for correspondence, and all the while as social image of humankind. By utilizing language somebody could offer expressions, pass on realities and information, clarify or report something, and keep social relations among the language clients. These show that by methods for language, individuals can communicate their thoughts, feeling, data and so on through correspondence. , As one of language on the planet, English is thought of and applied as worldwide language. From that point forward, it is famous and have been spoken and learnt by nearly individuals in the world.There are a few reasons why English is significant and numerous individuals endeavor to learn it. Some of them are: for securing position, voyaging, interfacing one another, working together, taking assessment, doing research, writing in the unknown dialect, and so on. In such creating nation like Indonesia, English has an indispensable job in all parts of life, especially in science and innovation. We will compose a custom paper test on Significant of English Language or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Besides, it tends to be utilized for creating connections in the global gathering, for perusing English book (particularly for understudies from elementary school up to schools/college), to fix the relationship among countries on the planet, etc.As understudies, we learn English are expected to get different information, to grasp and comprehend the course readings learned in English, to pick up information and aptitudes, and to be prepared enter to the college, as one of the test prerequisites for understudies of senior High School (SMA), etcThis articulation helps us how significance to remember English for human life is. As worldwide or general language, English isn't just empowers us to convey and communicate with each individuals all through the world, yet in addition it could adjust our life to be better. Moreover, we likewise should know that the western nations assume additional normal job in creating and keeping science and innovation. Consequently, on the off chance that we need to be a skilful researchers, etymologists, and have the option to contend with different nations on the planet, we should get, ace and become familiar with the language they use, in particular English.Before finishing this discourse, let me close the fundamental purposes of my discourse: 1. English is profoundly important to be learned and aced by everybody, so as to have the option to contend in the globalization time; 2. English is a key to open and ace science and innovation, on the grounds that the vast majority of researchers compose their specialists and developments in English. 3. As understudies of secondary school (SMA), we need to set ourselves up by learning hard, especially English just as different subjects at school; 4. By acing English empowers us to become endure and go anyplace all through the world;

New Student Photo Series 2010 Entry #15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2010 â€" Entry #15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We still have more than a month for new students to submit photos for posting, details here. ___________________________ The photos today come from Kris Capella, an incoming MIA student. ___________________________ Taken in Tarangire National Park in Tanzania.   I think Cheetahs are wonderfully beautiful animals, and we were fortunate to come across a couple as we were leaving the park.   We had plenty of time to watch them because they ambled into the middle of the road and there was no way around them! Taken in Stone Town, Zanzibar.   This is an example of the Indian style of extremely elaborate doors that adorn the homes of many wealthy people on Zanzibar.   By far the most picturesque doors Ive ever seen! Taken at the soccer field near the school where I taught as a Peace Corps volunteer for three years in Mashati, Tanzania.   This was the ad-hoc cheering squad for our school at one of the many football (yes, I tried hard to unlearn the word soccer from my vocabulary) matches I watched over the years.

Effectiveness Of Raising The Minimum Drinking Age

INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a popular product that has permeated global markets and dominated Australia’s social and cultural spheres. The use of Alcohol transcends both time and geographical barriers, with historical accounts portraying vivid scenes of alcohol consumption to mark momentous occasions or the medium for misbehaviour. A phenomenon of adolescents drinking to intoxication has been observed in recent years. In order to understand the present situation it is vital to consider the social and historical context of Alcohol consumption globally. In Australia a harm minimisation strategy has been adopted, with the three core pillars being harm reduction, supply reduction and demand reduction. Throughout history there have been†¦show more content†¦International statistics reveal that Alcohol is attributed to 4% of total mortality and between 4- 5% of DALY’s (1, 2). Rhem et al notes that more than 25% of the global consumption is estimated to be unrecorded, due to lack of s urveillance. This variance can create a higher global burden of disease attributable to Alcohol (2). According to the World Health Organisation (2014), overconsumption of Alcohol has been linked to the development of more than 200 diseases, making it the third highest risk leading to death and disability (1). Rhem et al conducted an analysis of the burden of disease attributable to Alcohol. In particular their analysis revealed that the pattern of drinking, volume and quality of alcohol consumed were causally linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis and injury (2). The study also elucidates the notion that even with evidence based management strategies and widespread acceptance of the harms associated with the drug, Alcohol misuse is a significant issue in society. The net harms outweigh any notable benefits of Alcohol over consumption. Globally there is no consensus on a legal minimum age, and socio-cultural factors play an integral role in determining this factor. The latest World Health Organisation Alcohol report (2014) has revealed that 115 countries have declared 18 years as the legal purchase age. Seven Countries are set at 20 years, whilst 14 countries are towards the higher end, at 21 years; these laws

Essay on Macbeth, A Tragic Hero - 860 Words

Macbeth, A Tragic Hero Macbeth is an intriguing story of witchcraft, murder and retribution that can also be seen as a study in the philosophy and psychology of evil. Shakespeare sees deliberately to have drained colour away from some parts of his composition in order to concentrate attention on Macbeth and His wife. As Stanley Wells writes It is Macbeths neurotic self absorption, his fear, his anger and his despair, along with his wifes steely determination, her invoking of the powers of evil that are the main focus of his attention. Malcolm calls Macbeth a dead butcher for the simple reason that he is guilty of murdering Duncan, and ordering the deaths of Banquo, Lady Macduff and†¦show more content†¦Lady Macbeth, in the early areas of the play is the stronger of the two, in turn her confidence gives Macbeth confidence. This statement is largely based on the conversation they have prior to the murder of Duncan, where she mentions when you durst do it, then you were a man. And to be more a man than what you were, you would be so much more a man. At this particular point in the play will see Macbeths conscience in full effect. The soliloquy in which Macbeth claims if it were done when tis done, the twere well it were done quickly. At this point Macbeth agonises, alone of stage, over killing Duncan. But the most effective soliloquy where Macbeth is hallucinating over the dagger, the dagger that will take the life of Duncan. This is another example of Macbeths insecure state of mind, a dagger of the mind , a false creation. At this point Macbeth recognises himself that he has a heat-opressà ¨d brain. In any case, the murder of Duncan takes place, Macbeth wins the war against his conscience on this occasion, but feels instant remorse, claiming to know my deed, twere best not to know myself. On the contrary Lady Macbeths reaction to seeing the blood stained knife is simply a little water clears us of this deed. Macbeth acknowledges thatShow MoreRelatedMacbeth as a Tragic Hero985 Words   |  4 Pages In William shakespeare’s Macbeth,Macbeth is a classic example of a tragic hero in shakesperean work.Macbeth display the major characteristics of a tragic hero throughout the play until his tragic end.The play potrays Macbeth as a lost cause by showing how he fell from being a honest and just man who fought for whats right, to a cruel,superstitious,ambicious dictator.In william shakespreares Macbeth,Macbeth is a tragic hero because he compromises his honor and negates his moral values in orderRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Macbeth character in Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be played many ways.  Macbeth s relationship with other characters in the play and Aristotle s theory of a tragedy are ways in which Macbeth is shown as a tragic hero I am going to explain to you how Macbeth is a true tragic hero. At the very beginning of the play,  Macbeth  and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a fierce battle between the Norwegians and the Scottish. They have just won the war for Duncan.   This shows a noble virtueRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1513 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare s plays have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finestRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1453 Words   |  6 Pagespresents Macbeth as a tragic hero? The 17th century play, ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare, was written during a time when James the first became the first king of both Scotland and England. The characters in the play are also based upon his descendants. The play itself focuses on the character of Macbeth who is manipulated into committing regicide by 3 witches. As the play progresses, both him and his wife begin to lose all sense of morality, resulting with both of their deaths in the end. Macbeth isRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero893 Words   |  4 PagesSeidewand Andreacchi February 13th 2017 ENG2D1-02 Macbeth as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero can be described as a character obtaining heroic qualities that is, at the same time, destined for their own downfall. Unfortunately, Macbeth is an example of a character that has this title. In Shakespeare’s time during the writing of the play was the reign of King James of England, and the play ‘Macbeth’ reflects on Shakespeare’s own relationship with this king. Someone of greatRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero846 Words   |  3 Pages The tragic hero has been a major storytelling tool in recent years that makes the audience relate to, respect, and feel sympathy for a character which is undone by the end of the story. But can this title be given to Macbeth, the titular hero of the Shakespeare play by the same name? Yes, absolutely- Shakespeare’s Macbeth follows this plot path in numerous ways. Throughout the play, we are introduced to Macbeth’s belovedness, the crushing of said established belovedness, and his own undoing. Read MoreMacbeth - a Tragic Hero2214 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeares play Macbeth, written in the 1600s is a perfect example of Shakespeares ability to manipulate his audience through creating a tragic hero. A tragic hero who, because of a flaw, tumbles from a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeares manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeths persona of the tragic hero is enhanced evenRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1685 Words   |  7 Pagesprotagonist who appears to be a â€Å"tragic hero† in the overall play. In other words, this character is one who has made an error in his judgement, providing that this error eventually leads to their own ruin or destruction. Within Macbeth, Macbeth the character is regarded as a tragic hero, but with the distinct and evident explanation of his evil and the succession of his acts of violence, it may not be as clear cut as to whether he is a tragic hero or not. Though Macbeth does commit an error that leadsRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2154 Words   |  9 Pages Karen H. Macbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"The catastrophe of the tragic hero thus becomes the catastrophe of the fifth-century man; all his furious energy and intellectual daring drive him on to this terrible discovery of his fundamental ignorance - he is not the measure of all commodity but the commodity measured and found wanting.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotationRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2015 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"One of the most tragic things I know about human nature is that all of us tend to put off living. We are all dreaming of some magical rose garden over the horizon-instead of enjoying the roses that are blooming outside our windows today.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotation to a repulsive connotation. A tragic hero makes â€Å"judgment errors† that are inescapable and it ultimately

Poverty in New York City Free Essays

Josh Williams Religion 10 3/16/13 Mr. Martinez Cause Of Poverty In The United States Poverty is an increasing problem in the United States. The cause of poverty in the United States is a plethora of things, Such as the economy getting worse so jobs and factories had to make budget cuts so many people lost their job because Of the worsening economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in New York City or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not the only reason though there is also people who have serious drug and alcohol addictions and use all their money on their addictions and then become poor, there is still the gamblers that loose all their money and there’s the people that never got a good education so never got a good job and was never able to support themselves or families. Poverty is very tragic but sometimes its not only Because someone got laid off their job and there’s nothing they could do about it, but also it can be the persons fault for addictions, gambling and never taking school seriously and regretting it when their older and don’t have a job to support yourself or family. During the Holocaust there were many events that occurred which violated just about every principle of Catholic Social Teaching’s. There are three that stand out the most; these principles are life and dignity of the human person, option for the poor and vulnerable, and also care for Gods creation. These principles were violated in many ways and various occasions during the holocaust. The holocaust violates life and dignity of the human person in many ways one is that it god decides when ones life shall end and how their life shall go but the holocaust killed many innocent people for no reason and that is not what god planned for these people. â€Å"If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. † – Anne Frank. This quote by Anne Frank shows even though Jews were put through so much suffering and were denied their dignity they will still be powerful and great people. â€Å"What exactly was the difference? He wondered to himself. And who decided which people wore the striped pajamas and which people wore the uniforms? † – John Boyne. This quote is saying that killing humans is not fair because what if the killer was being killed and god decided who is who so a person should not be able to decide if he or she should live or not that is gods decision. Option for the poor and vulnerable is that people should not be prosecuted or treated differently for any reason but in the holocausts case it was the vulnerable being attacked and treated differently because Hitler and his Nazi army out numbered the Jews. â€Å"I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. † – Elie Wiesel. This quote is showing that the Jews were vulnerable to the Nazi attacks and that no human should have to go through that pain and suffering no matter what condition of living. â€Å"We are alive. We are human, with good and bad in us. That’s all we know for sure. We can’t create a new species or a new world. That’s been done. Now we have to live within those boundaries. What are our choices? We can despair and curse, and change nothing. We can choose evil like our enemies have done and create a world based on hate. Or we can try to make things better. † – Carol Matas. This quote shows that humans no matter how poor, rich, small, tall, or whatever ethnicity or religious beliefs should not be held vulnerable to a force of terrorists or extremist group such as the Nazi’s on the Jews. The last principle of catholic social teachings that were violated by the actions of the Nazi’s during the holocaust was care for God’s creations. This is the principle that was violated the most, throughout the holocaust Jews were abused and worked to death and killed with various ways of torture showing complete disregard to God’s wishes of loving all and his creations. Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the small faces of the children whose bodies I saw transformed into smoke under a silent sky. Never shall I forget those flames that consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget the nocturnal silence tha t deprived me for all eternity of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes. Never shall I forget those things, even were I condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. † – Elie Wiesel. This quote shows the experience of a Jew who was actually in a concentration camp and he had to deal with the pain and suffering and this quote brings out all the sick torture he received in a quote and how he will be scared for life and will never forget what happened to him at the concentration camp. â€Å"They thought we were stupid to do it, (hide Jews) of course; in fact, it was beyond their comprehension that we would risk so much for Jews. – Diet Eman. This quote shows even if it was stupid to help Jews and hide them because of the risk of being killed it was worth it because he was aware of God’s wishes and how the creation of god should be loved so this noble man sacrificed and put his own life at risk just to help and care for one of God’s creations. The cause of poverty in the United States is many things in today’s soci ety, such as the worsening of the economy, job cuts, drug and alcohol addiction, gambling, poor income, and not attending college. In many cases some of these cause’s can intervene and affiliate with each other. For example if someone is poor from spending all of their money on alcohol and drugs the might try to gamble to get money back, or if someone does not attend college they might not get enough money from their job to provide for themselves or a family if they have one. â€Å"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. † – John F, Kennedy. This quote by the former president of the United States claims that if a nation can’t help their people who are suffering through poverty it can’t save the corrupt rich citizens who don’t donate and try to help the struggling lower class then they don’t disserve to be wealthy. This is a secondary source because John F. Kennedy did not suffer from poverty. â€Å"Poverty is often concealed in splendor, and often in extravagance. It is the task of many people to conceal their neediness from others. Consequently they support themselves by temporary means, and everyday is lost in contriving for tomorrow. – Samuel Johnson. This quote is a secondary source because Samuel Johnson did not suffer through poverty. This quote is saying that poverty is not just brought upon someone but if you don’t work hard enough it will come upon you so you must stay humble and never become to lazy and always strive for the best. â€Å"I am a poor man, but I have thi s consolation: I am poor by accident, not by design. † – Josh Billings. This quote shows that poverty is not planned but if you don’t work hard enough it will come to you, this man did not want to be poor but it caught up to him because his lack of effort and laziness. This quote is a primary source because it is written by someone who has experienced poverty. â€Å"The seven deadly sins†¦ food, clothing, firing, rent, taxes, respectability and children. Nothing can lift those seven millstones from Man’s neck but money; and the spirit cannot soar until the millstones are lifted. † – George Bernard Shaw. This quote represents everything that can corrupt a man and transform a good man into a sinner and these actions will leave him corrupt and poor. Poverty is experienced through out the world in large numbers but continues to grow as a huge struggle for The United states. I have my own personal experience with poverty in my life, as do many citizens of the United States. My personal experience with poverty was about two years ago my aunt who is also my godmother, and a very strong woman in my life whom I look up to was fired from her job because her company needed to save money. This impacted my life in a huge way because my aunt had nowhere to stay and she had to live with e and my family until she found a new job and was able to afford a new house. During this time period every day after my homework I would look in the newspaper with my aunt and help her find jobs that sounded like fun because it made me sad seeing my aunt like this because I looked up to her and she is one of the most inspirational women in my life because of the way she faugh through her struggles and overcame poverty and is now very successful. But sadly after my aunt was back on her feet and doing good at her new job a few months later she was diagnosed with breast cancer. When I heard this news I was heartbroken but I didn’t let it upset me because I know that my aunt is the strongest women ever and she can overcome anything she has been cleared of cancer twice and keeps fighting it off I know she can do anything. Poverty even in today remains as one of the United Stats biggest tribulations. More then 15% of the United States suffers from poverty, this is not acceptable we as proud citizens of the United States should fight for each other and always have one another’s back in hardships such as poverty. Ways average people can help decrease the poverty rate s very simple and will not even contribute too much time out of their day, there are easy fast simple ways we can help people suffering from poverty. These ways are doing charitable acts such as donating money, food and shelter to homeless people, or simply just can food drives at your local school just try to get involved and help your fellow neighbor’s. Poverty may be strong but as a powerful unified nation we can do anything and poverty would stand no chance against us because we are gods children and we can do anything! How to cite Poverty in New York City, Papers

Big Data for Fraud Detection in Banking Sector - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Big Data for Fraud Detection in Banking Sector. Answer: Introduction The detection of fraud in banking sector is an important part to eliminate risks of any cyber-attack or data breach. Banks are often vulnerable to fraud and this affects banks and customers (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). Most of the frauds in banking sector occur due to either human negligence or any malpractice or system defect. Frauds in banking sector impact customers and bank itself in a very negative way because both banks and customers can lose sensitive data and money. Nowadays, big data analytics has emerged as a game changer in every sector and it provides a more reliable and flexible usage in working of every sector (Fuschi and Tvaronavi?ien? 2014). Banking sector has now started to adopt big data analytics for its operations due to its usefulness, reliability and speed. The purpose of this report is to analyze big data use in banking sector and how big data analytics help banking sector to detect fraud. The outline of the report is data collection and storage system, consumer-centric product design, recommendation system and business continuity plan in case of power outage. The data in banking sector collected are credit card usage details, personal emails sending and receiving or account details or any other regular actions on a daily basis. The data collected are not only from internal source of banking sector but also from external sources which sometimes requires permission from third party. These sources are internet based navigation sites such as social media, Yahoo, Google or Bing. Google and Yahoo provide Gmail and Yahoo mail respectively (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). The data are categorized into two types and they are primary data and secondary data. Primary data are information about employees, their head supervisors, managers, senior managers and customers, which are collected for proper functioning of banking sector. Secondary data are information of internal and external behavior and working of banking sector which are collected for different purposes and used for betterment of banking sector (Kim, Trimi and Chung 2014). Both types of data are in the form of structured, semi-structured or unstructured data. Therefore, they are arranged in orderly manner to access and operate easily on each form of data. The data in banking sector are unstructured data mainly and they are complicated to use in its initial form. Big data deals with this type of data and in banking sector, unstructured data are either machine or human generated. Machine generated unstructured data are scientific data or photographs and videos such as security or surveillance photos or images. Human generated unstructured data are internal texts within document files, logs, credit card or debit card details and emails, and website content (Raju, Bai and Chaitanya 2014). The data collection is through various sources are then mined that is data mining is done on the collected data. Data mining is exploring and analyzing of collected data to find data suitable for different purposes in banking sector. Data mining technique is used for five major categories of banking sector. They are customer retention, automatic credit card approval, fraud detection in banking sector, marketing and risk management. Data after data mining is used mainly for risk management and fraud detection in banking sector (Pouramirarsalani, Khalilian and Nikravanshalman 2017). This is explained as when data is stored in storage then big data has features of protecting thes e data from going into hands of fraudsters. Storage system Banks have massive amounts of data which needs to be stored in an efficient way. The new storage systems in banking sector for big data provides solutions and they are reconstructing the backup systems with improved performance that will not change the existing backup routine. The second solution is building a Disaster Recovery (DR) system that will help in an emergency case such as disaster or power outage. The third solution is managing data lifecycle for improvement of data utilization efficiency (Chitra and Subashini 2013). The explanation for first solution is to upgrade physical tapes from existing Disk-to-Tape (D2T) mode to the new Disk-to-Disk-to-Tape (D2D2T). The new tape provides more reliability and space to store data of size more 9TB and has high backup speed. The description of second solution is new Disaster Recovery system which is built after upgrading local backup system using tape. The Disaster Recovery system is used for storing data at different location in banking sector. The full back up in first solution using tapes is further stored in storage system that is Disaster Recovery system (Jones, Aggarwal and Edwards 2015). The storage is done by identifying unique blocks of huge data and store in Disaster Recovery system. The next backup is done to match the unique block with the blocks stored in the system to destroy duplicate data and then save all unique data. The leftover data is again checked so that no data is left vulnerable to any fraud. The left over data is also checked to analyze if any data can be effective for future purpose. The third solution is that the data is processed and stored on peripheral system and near-line data (twenty to thirty days old) is backed up regularly and stored on disks (Rao and Ali 2015). These data is tested for integration and effectiveness and to recover if any fault occurs. The long- term data (ninety days old or older ) is backed up regularly and stored on physical tapes. Both the data is then stored at different locations in Disaster Recovery system. This new storage system solution helps in better backup performance, recovery process is quick, and data storage is multi-level. Consumer-centric product design The long-term relationships with customers will require fulfilling demands and needs of customers. This is achieved through customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Customer relationship management is used by organizations to optimize contact with customers and build long-term relationships (Elgendy and Elragal, 2014). The various ways are telephone calls or emails to attract and retain customers. Customer relationship management system is based on infrastructure of customer data and information technology. Electronic customer relationship management systems provides all ways of communication with the customers. The ways are sales, delivery, email, online marketing and purchasing, online banking or many other online services. Customer relationship management system in banking sector is achieved by maintaining relationships with existing customers and creating relationships with new customers (Dalir et al. 2017). The benefits are providing better service to existing and new cus tomers and identification of specific values related to each sector of the business environment and existing or new customers. The other are dividing different market segments to improve long-term relationships with target customers and service fees which is charged increases revenue for banking sectors. The additional benefits are implementation of this system helps in increasing customer satisfaction and their loyalty and interest rates are increased to attract more customers (Baesens, Van Vlasselaer and Verbeke 2015). The seventh one is online advertising to attract customers and increased effectiveness and classification of customers. Electronic customer relationship management system in banking sector has a structure which is based on two factors and they are trust and satisfaction. They are commitment, loyalty, customer retention, and recommendation willingness. The other factors which construct the system through customers point of view are information, convenience and communication channel (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). Trust is important for customers and bank relationship and the trust is referred to protection of every individuals bank account details and credit card or debit card details. Customer satisfaction is a quality in bank and customer relationship that will help them to trust on banks. Customer satisfaction in bank is very important to retain existing customers. Commitment is to partner close relationship with customers for valuable effort. Loyalty provides future benefits to banking sector even when there is a strong competition (Moro, Cortez and Rita 2015). Loyalty is a commitment to banks from customers to deal with them. Loyal customers will also recommend particular banks to their relatives or customers. Customer retention is important as exiting customers are more profitable than new customers. Therefore, fulfilling needs of existing customers is more important. The above factors help customers to willingly recommend services of bank to others as they are satisfied with services of bank. Information is correct, accurate or updated are not is necessary for the structure of the system. Convenience is important as customers will come after considering location of bank (Greenberg 2014). Geographic location of bank with working hours and others are included in the system. Communication channel like mobile, ATM, text, e-mail are used by customers to know bank services. Recommendation System Recommendation system is used as a tool in banking sector to help customer by giving service when bank employees are not available on a particular time. Recommendation system provides precise and timely information to customers. The system is virtual consultant to customers providing better information and services (Ravi and Kamaruddin 2017). The recommendation system can be explained by the following process. The system analysis provides specifications that are authenticated with username and password for logging into system and questionnaire type survey for the user regarding product interest. The next two specifications are giving advice to user after the completion of interview and when there is query regarding search engine, explanation term should be there in the search engine (Lin et al. 2015). The last two specifications are to provide answers by the expert to questions by the customer and also update the knowledge base in system (Davenport and Dych 2013). The system design c ontains human expert, knowledge acquisition facility, knowledge base, inference engine, working memory, user interface and the user. This is the system bank follows in recommendation system. Recommendation system is tested using black-box and white-box testing to know that the system is properly functioning and also integrated (He, Tian and Shen 2015). The testing is also done to ensure satisfactory working of every feature. The testing is done on the database so that the data can be accessed with respective attributes and required data can be fetched. The application is important in recommendation system because it provides a platform for direct communication of user and banking sector (Ng and Kwok, 2017). This is a place where user can register and then they can login with username and password. This is a place where user can get details about banking process in about us section and also contact details of bank in contact us section. The system design is implemented in application and the working of system structure is defined in application. These are the features and functions of recommendation system and this helps in clearing customers doubts and queries. The custo mers can also give feedback in recommendation system (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). The recommendation system in banking sector are developed using information system and are also called expert system in other sectors. Business continuity plan Survival of online business in case of power outage or any other disasters is a major discussion for any banking sector. The business continuity plan has four steps in banking sector and they are business impact analysis, risk assessment, risk management and monitoring and testing. The first step is business impact analysis that helps to identifies critical business functions and impact of loss of functions for example operational and financial on banking sector. This process is analyzed by senior management representatives and board of directors. The business impact analysis is required at times when there is disruption in power outage and any disaster (Harvard Business Review, 2017). The second step is risk assessment which helps to determine cause of power outage or other disasters. Senior management analyzes the risk through risk assessment processes and then develop program to tackle the risks. The third step is risk management which is important to develop and maintain business continuity plan in baking sector. Risk Management in banking sector is based on first two steps that is business impact analysis and risk assessment (West and Bhattacharya 2016). These realistic events can be formally declared and updated by senior management annually to employees in banking sector. The fourth step is monitoring and testing which is a confirmation to business continuity plan in banking sector that all the steps are revised and evaluated without overlooking any significant changes. This step is finally evaluated by senior bank management (Forbes.com 2017). This is when they can commit necessary workforce, budget and time to test the program for validation of business continuity plan in an event of any disruption in banking sector. Conclusion The above discussions conclude that fraud detection in banking is a very important process and big data analytics is used in banking sector for fraud detection techniques. The discussions shows that the data collection system in banking sector is complicated as there are huge data sets in banking sector. The data collected need to be stored in places where there is security and proper storage place to be chosen. The actions to be taken on collected data that is services to customers and system to recommend customers are also discussed. The business continuity plans on the basis of possible disruptions were the key points of this report. The report overall concludes that implementation of big data and big data analytics is necessary for banking sector. Big data and big data analytics are used to collect data and store and finally use for various purposes in banking sector. Banking sectors regularly produce huge data that are sensitive and can be controlled through big data and big dat a analytics. Therefore, it can be concluded that big data and big data analytics can help banking sector to detect fraud and prevent the risks of fraud using various processes. References Baesens, B., Van Vlasselaer, V. and Verbeke, W., 2015.Fraud analytics using descriptive, predictive, and social network techniques: a guide to data science for fraud detection. John Wiley Sons. Chitra, K. and Subashini, B., 2013. Data mining techniques and its applications in banking sector.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(8), pp.219-226. Dalir, M., Zarch, M.E., Aghajanzadeh, R. and Eshghi, S., 2017. The Role of e-CRM in the Quality of Customer-Bank Relationship.Human Resource Management,4(2), pp.12-22. Davenport, T.H. and Dych, J., 2013. Big data in big companies.International Institute for Analytics,3. Elgendy, N. and Elragal, A., 2014, July. Big data analytics: a literature review paper. InIndustrial Conference on Data Mining(pp. 214-227). Springer, Cham. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,20. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,20. Forbes.com. (2017).Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomgroenfeldt/2013/06/11/banks-use-big-data-to-understand-customers-across-channels/#22286a453218 [Accessed 9 Dec. 2017]. (Forbes.com, 2017) Fuschi, D.L. and Tvaronavi?ien?, M., 2014. Sustainable development, Big Data and supervisory control: service quality in banking sector.Journal of security and sustainability issues,3(3), pp.5-14. Greenberg, M.R., 2014.Protecting seniors against environmental disasters: From hazards and vulnerability to prevention and resilience. Routledge. Harvard Business Review. (2017).How Banks Are Capitalizing on a New Wave of Big Data and Analytics - SPONSOR CONTENT FROM COGNIZANT. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/sponsored/2016/11/how-banks-are-capitalizing-on-a-new-wave-of-big-data-and-analytics [Accessed 9 Dec. 2017]. (Harvard Business Review, 2017) He, W., Tian, X. and Shen, J., 2015. Examining Security Risks of Mobile Banking Applications through Blog Mining. InMAICS(pp. 103-108). Jones, S., Aggarwal, A. and Edwards, H., 2015. Creating Futures Through ResearchMeeting Challenges, Embracing Opportunities Delivering Impact. Inaugural Collaborative Research Conference, INtel Institute of Higher Education, Nairobi. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector.Communications of the ACM,57(3), pp.78-85. Lin, C.C., Chiu, A.A., Huang, S.Y. and Yen, D.C., 2015. Detecting the financial statement fraud: The analysis of the differences between data mining techniques and experts judgments.Knowledge-Based Systems,89, pp.459-470. Moro, S., Cortez, P. and Rita, P., 2015. Business intelligence in banking: A literature analysis from 2002 to 2013 using text mining and latent Dirichlet allocation.Expert Systems with Applications,42(3), pp.1314-1324. Ng, A.W. and Kwok, B.K., 2017. Emergence of Fintech and cybersecurity in a global financial centre: Strategic approach by a regulator.Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance,25(4), pp.422-434. Pouramirarsalani, A., Khalilian, M. and Nikravanshalmani, A., 2017. Fraud detection in E-banking by using the hybrid feature selection and evolutionary algorithms.IJCSNS,17(8), p.271. Raju, P.S., Bai, D.V.R. and Chaitanya, G.K., 2014. Data mining: Techniques for enhancing customer relationship management in banking and retail industries.International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(1), pp.2650-2657. Rao, K.V. and Ali, M.A., 2015. Survey on Big Data and applications of real time Big Data analytics. Ravi, V. and Kamaruddin, S., 2017, December. Big Data Analytics Enabled Smart Financial Services: Opportunities and Challenges. InInternational Conference on Big Data Analytics(pp. 15-39). Springer, Cham. Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. Impact of big data analytics on banking sector: Learning for Indian banks.Procedia Computer Science,50, pp.643-652. Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. Impact of big data analytics on banking sector: Learning for Indian banks.Procedia Computer Science,50, pp.643-652. West, J. and Bhattacharya, M., 2016. Intelligent financial fraud detection: a comprehensive review.Computers Security,57, pp.47-66.